1/25/2024 0 Comments Taurine in beefThe recent development of taurine transporter knockout models has facilitated the study of taurine deficiency in rodents and has dramatically improved the chances of definitively establishing the key physiological functions of taurine. Although these studies have uncovered new actions of taurine, in the case of the transport inhibitors it is unclear if the reported actions are related to taurine depletion per se or the side effects of the transport inhibitors. Until recently, the physiological actions of taurine were studied using a model of taurine depletion mediated by taurine transport inhibitors or a model of nutritional depletion in cats. However, they provide little information on the physiological actions of taurine. These studies have largely focused on the cytoprotective activity of taurine. suggested that taurine might be linked through some mechanism to the workload of the heart.Ī considerable body of evidence has been gathered on the pharmacological actions of taurine. Based on this evidence alone Kocsis et al. Moreover, a transmural gradient of taurine exists in the left ventricle, with the highest taurine concentrations found in the endocardium, which experiences the greatest work load. According to Kocsis et al., a correlation exists between taurine levels and heart rate, with the highest taurine levels found in species with the highest heart rates. Myocardial taurine content is species dependent, with levels varying from ~1.8 µg/g wet wt in the frog to ~39.4 µg/g wet wt in the mouse. have shown that taurine slowly accumulates in the heart following intravenous administration but once taken up by the heart it turns over very slowly. Although it is found in high concentration in most mammalian tissues, its concentration is particularly high in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Taurine is an ubiquitous sulfur-containing, β-amino acid, which is considered an essential nutrient in some species. This has led to the suggestion that taurine is an essential or semi-essential nutrient for many mammals. Taurine is a chemically simple compound, but it has profound effects on cells. The mechanism of this action has not been studied. Finally, taurine serves as a modulator of protein kinases and phosphatases within the cardiomyocyte. However, its inhibition of the enzyme, phospholipid N-methyltransferase, alters the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine content of membranes, which in turn affects the function of key proteins within the membrane. Fourth, taurine stabilizes membranes through direct interactions with phospholipids. A potential mechanism for the antioxidant activity of taurine is discussed. Although this action of taurine has been widely discussed, its mechanism of action is unclear. Third, taurine functions as an indirect regulator of oxidative stress. Second, in some species, taurine is an established osmoregulator, however, in mammalian heart the osmoregulatory function of taurine has recently been questioned. Evidence is provided that this function of taurine is mediated by changes in the activity of key Ca 2+ transporters and the modulation Ca 2+ sensitivity of the myofibrils. First, the observation that taurine depletion leads to the development of a cardiomyopathy indicates a role for taurine in the maintenance of normal contractile function. The present review discusses several physiological functions of taurine. Because taurine is a fairly inert compound, it is an ideal modulator of basic processes, such as osmotic pressure, cation homeostasis, enzyme activity, receptor regulation, cell development and cell signalling. Nonetheless, the amino group of taurine is involved in a number of important conjugation reactions as well as in the scavenging of hypochlorous acid. Although taurine is classified as an amino acid, it does not participate in peptide bond formation. Taurine (aminoethane sulfonic acid) is an ubiquitous compound, found in very high concentrations in heart and muscle.
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